PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS - I (THEORY) Question Papers 4 A.U

Answer question no.1(compulsory) and any four of the remaining. All questions carry equal marks

1. Give the principles and methods of assay of the following with relevant equations.

• Ascorbic acid
• Borax
• Sodium acetate
• Sodium Chloride

2. (a) What are complexing agents? Name a few complexing agents used in pharmaceutical analysis. (b) Write about the indicators used in complexometric titrations. How do these indicators function? (c) Give the principles of estimation of aluminium hydroxide gel and calcium gluconate injection by complexometry.

3. (a) When do you carryout a non-aqueous titration? What are the different solvents used in these titrations? Give the method of assay of any one drug basing on this technique. (b) Explain the principle of gasometric analysis with suitable examples and apparatus used.

4. (a) Give a detailed methodology involved in gravimetric analysis of pharmaceutical substances. (b) Write a note on the theory of neutralization indicators.

5. (a) Give the principle and method of estimation of moisture by Karl-Fischer's method. (b) Explain the principle and procedure of diazotisation titirations. Give examples of any four drugs estimated by this technique.

6. (a) Define acids and bases. Give examples for strong and weak acids and bases. (b) What are acidimetric and alkalimetric titrations? Giving the principles, write the methods of estimation of any two drugs by this method.

7. (a) What are oxidation-reduction titrations? Give examples of three important oxidising agents used in these titrations with relevant reaction equations. (b) Explain the method of determination of percentage of potassium bromide and copper sulphate by oxidation-reduction titrimetry.

8. Write notes on:

• Types of errors in pharmaceutical analysis.
• Sources of impurities in pharmaceutical substances.
• Masking and demasking agents.
• Oxidation-reduction indicators.