FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY Question Papers (Supple,2008)

SET :1
1. Write about: [2× 8 = 16]
(a) Bacterial locomotion
(b) Bacterial shapes
2. What is meant by “phytohormones”? Explain using examples. [16]
3. What is meant by energy flow in an ecosystem? [16]
4. Explain Hershey and Chase experiment to prove DNA as the genetic material. [16]
5. Explain the human body fluid compartments and describe the intracellular and extra cellular body fluids and their functions. [16]
6. Write short notes on:
(a) Structure of human eye
(b) Organs of corti
(c) Biological importance of olfaction
(d) Mechanism of Taste sensation. [4x4= 16]
7. Discuss some important historical milestones in development of molecular biotechnology. [16]
8. What is a monoclonal antibody? Explain how monoclonal antibodies are used for detection of viruses in plants, animals and human beings. [16]


SET :2

1. Briefly explain a typical prokaryotic cell characteristic. [16]
2. Explain the general structure and life cycle of Bryophytes. [16]
3. Discuss about the cycling of matter in an ecosystem. [16]
4. Describe what is meant by the term “Transcription” of DNA? [16]
5. Explain the ABO system and Rh system of human blood. [16]
6. Trance the pathway of sound vibrations from the external environment to the receptor cells in the spiran organ of the ear. [16]
7. Define biotechnology and explain the areas of interest in Biotechnology. [16]
8. Discuss the advantages and limitations of food produced from genetically modified crops. [16]


SET :3

1. (a) Discuss the role of Viruses in vaccine preparation.
(b) What are viriods and prions? [2 × 8 = 16]
2. Discuss about the pests of Cotton plant. [16]
3. Write about the digeneric life cycle of the Malaria causing parasite. [16]
4. Explain Watson and Crick’s model of DNA. [16]
5. What are the various endocrine glands and their secretions? Explain the functions of these hormones. [16]
6. Explain in detail the structure and functions of neuron. [16]
7. Define biotechnology and explain the areas of interest in Biotechnology. [16]
8. Explain the technical and economic advantages in the use of microbial enzymes.
[16]


SET :4

1. Give the general characteristics of Algae and highlight on their sexual reproduction. [16]
2. List out the differences between Angiosperms and Gymnosperm group of plants. [16]
3. Define species. What is meant by speciation? [16]
4. Briefly discuss the experiments, which prove that DNA is the genetic material.[16]
5. Explain in brief the organs and organ systems present in the human body and describe their major functions. [16]
6. Trance the pathway of sound vibrations from the external environment to the receptor cells in the spiran organ of the ear. [16]
7. Define biotechnology and explain the areas of interest in Biotechnology. [16]
8. Discuss the gene transfer in dicot and monocot plants. What are the applications of transgenic plants. [16]

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY Question Papers (Supple,2007)

SET :1

1. (a) Discuss the asexual reproduction in Fungi.
(b) Write about the importance of Diatoms. [2 × 8 = 16]
2. Explain the concept of growth in plants. [16]
3. Explain the Protozoan parasite caused disease “Amoebiasis” in detail. [16]
4. Describe what is meant by the term “Transcription” of DNA? [16]
5. Explain in brief the organs and organ systems present in the human body and describe their major functions. [16]
6. Explain in detail the structure and functions of neuron. [16]
7. What is a biofuel. What are the advantages and limitations of using bio fuels?[16]
8. Discuss the advantages and limitations of food produced from genetically modified crops. [16]

SET :2

1. Briefly explain a typical eukaryotic cell characteristic. [16]
2. Taking Sugarcane as an example, discuss the biology of its pests. [16]
3. How does Fasciolopsis buski as a parasite affect man? [16]
4. Explain Griffith’s initial experiments on Transformation. [16]
5. “Cells are the living units of the body” - explain. [16]
6. Explain in detail the structure and functions of neuron. [16]
7. ‘Will medical therapies based on molecular biotechnology supersede equally effective traditional treatments’- discuss. [16]
8. What is the goal of genetic engineering in agriculture? What are the advantages of genetically modified crops. [16]

SET :3

1. Briefly explain a typical eukaryotic cell characteristic. [16]
2. (a) What is meant by alternation of generation in plants?
(b) Explain overall plant classification in brief outline. [2 × 8 =16]
3. Justify the role of reproductive barrier in the process of speciation. [16]
4. Discuss the role of restriction endonucleases in recombinant DNA technology. [16]
5. Explain in brief the organs and organ systems present in the human body and describe their major functions. [16]
6. Write short notes on:
(a) Retina
(b) Mechanism of hearing
(c) Microscopic features and anatomy of smell
(d) Functional anatomy of tongue for taste. [4x4= 16]
7. Define biotechnology and explain the areas of interest in Biotechnology. [16]
8. ‘Some genetically engineered organisms are harmful either to other organisms or to environment’- Discuss. [16]

SET :4

1. Write a short note on biodiversity. [16]
2. Taking Sugarcane as an example, discuss the biology of its pests. [16]
3. (a) Differentiate Allopatric and Sympatric speciation.
(b) What are “pre” and “post”zygotic mechanisms of reproductive barrier?[2×8=16]
4. What is meant by
(a) Complementary base pairing
(b) DNA polymerases. [2×8=16]
5. What are the major formed elements in the blood and explain their functions. [16]
6. Explain in detail the structure and functions of neuron. [16]
7. Discuss some important medicinal plants that are useful for production of drugs for some major diseases. [16]
8. What is genetic engineering? Discuss the applications of genetic engineering. [16]

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY Question Papers (Supple,2007, RR)

SET :1

1. Give a latest account of the classification of plant kingdom. [16]

2. Explain one example of successful production and industrialization of a medicinal plant product through in vitro culture. [16]

3. Describe the adaptations of animals to aquatic life. [16]

4. Describe various fishery by products and their advantages and disadvantages? [16]

5. Explain the ELISA technique for detection of antibodies produced by experimental immunization. [16]

6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using cell culture. [16]

7. Write any two of the following:
(a) Morphological characters of micro organisms.
(b) Microbial bio diversity
(c) Microbial ecology. [8+8]

8. What are biopesticides and the micro organisms used as bio pesticides. Add a note on advantages and disadvantages of biopesticides. [16]


SET :2

1. Discuss the reproductive features of gymnosperms. [16]

2. Explain the importance of neutraceuticals obtained from plants. [16]

3. Describe the adaptations of animals to aquatic life. [16]

4. Write an essay on aquaculture. [16]

5. Explain the ELISA technique for detection of antibodies produced by experimental immunization. [16]

6. Describe vaccine production using r DNA technology. [16]

7. Write any two of the following:
(a) Nutrition in micro organisms
(b) Locomotion in micro organisms
(c) Reproduction in micro organisms [8+8]

8. What are microbial enzymes? Describe in detail industrially produced enzymes and their applications. [16]


SET :3
1. Describe the characteristics of living organisms and explain their classification. [16]

2. Describe the economic importance of medicinal plants. [16]

3. Describe the adaptations of animals to aquatic life. [16]

4. What are the fouling organisms? Describe the significance of fouling organisms in fishery. [16]

5. Explain the ELISA technique for detection of antibodies produced by experimental
immunization. [16]

6. What is gene therapy? Explain the various types of gene therapy. [16]

7. Describe the general characters of bacteria and explain the useful and harmful effects of bacteria. [16]

8. Give a detailed account on microbial production of plastics. [16]


SET :4

1. Explain the vegetative (gametophyte) structure of any one member of Bryophyta. [16]

2. Describe briefly the responses and adaptations of plants to metal stress. [16]

3. Describe the adaptations of animals to aquatic life. [16]

4. Describe various fishery by products and their advantages and disadvantages? [16]

5. Explain the ELISA technique for detection of antibodies produced by experimental immunization. [16]

6. Define stem cells. What are the various types of stem cells. Explain the applications of stem cells to biotechnology. [16]

7. Write any two of the following:
(a) Nutrition in micro organisms
(b) Locomotion in micro organisms
(c) Reproduction in micro organisms [8+8]

8. Define bio sensor and describe the applications of biosensors. [16]

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY Question Papers (Supple, 2006, september, R05)

SET :1

1. write short notes on:

a) bacterial shapes diversity

b) bacterial reproduction

2. write short notes on:

a) Auxins

b) Gibberlins

3. what is meant by energy flow in ecosystem?

4. write about:

a) nitrogenous bases in DNA

b) differences between DNA and RNA

5. Explain in brief the organs and organ systems present in the human body and describe their major functions.

6. Discuss various neurotransmitters and explain the mechanism of synaptic transmission.

7. Discuss some important historical milestones in development of molecular biotechnology.

8. write short notes on :

a) Gene Targeting

b) ELISA Test

c) Molecular Farming

d) Genetic Engineering

SET :2

1) write a general account on viral characteristics and how are they classified on the basis of their genomes?

2) What are Meristems? Explain in detail.

3) Discuss about the cycling of matter in an ecosystem.

4) Describe the double helix structure of DNA.

5) Describe the structure and functions of animal cell.

6) What important features do all sensory receptors have in common?

7) Define biopesticides? What are the various microorganisms useful for production of biopesticides.

8) Write short notes on :

a) fate of transgenes

b) molecular farming

c) monoclonal antibodies

d) microbial enzymes.

SET :3

1) Write about :

a) bacterial locomotion

b) bacterial shapes

2) Write about the medicinal importance of plants.

Discuss the industrial products got from plants

3) Briefly explain the life cycle of Ascaris worm

4) Describe the double helix structure of DNA.

5) Explain in brief the organs and organ systems present in the human body and describe their major functions.

6) Discuss various neurotransmitters and explain the mechanism of synaptic transmission

7) Write short notes on:

a) biofuel

b) biofertilizer

c) biosensor

d) biopesticide

8) Write short notes on:

a) gene cloning

b) r DNA technology

c) Hybridization

d) Genemanipulation

SET :4

1) justify – “viruses have both, living as well as non-living characteristics”

2) discuss about the pests of cotton plant.

3) How does fasciolopsis buski as parasite affect man?

4) Write about the main events occurring during DNA replication.

5) Explain the human body fluid compartments and describe the intracellular and extra cellular body fluids and their functions.

6) Describe the olfactory area in the nose with the help of a diagram and explain the mechanism of olfaction.

7) Define biotechnology nad explain the areas of interest in biotechnology.

8) What is hybridoma technique and how monoclonal antibodies are being extensively used for human health care. Explain with examples.

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY Question Papers (Supple, 2006, aug/sep)

SET - 1

1. Explain how plant growth regulators are used to induce in vitro rooting of shoots.

2. Describe the economic importance of medicinal plants.

3. Describe the adaptations of animals to aquatic life.

4. Give an account of culture technology of estuarine fisheries.

5. Explain the ELISA technique for detection of anti-bodies produced by experimental immunization.

6. Write short notes on any two of the following.

a. Gene Therapy

b. Stem Cell Research

c. Cloning

d. Genetic counseling

7. What are the locomotory organs of microorganisms and explain in detail the locomotion of microorganisms

8. Give a detailed account on microbial production of plastics.

SET – 2

1. Describe the characteristics of living organisms and explain their classification.

2. What is a transgenic plant? Explain.

3. Describe the adaptations of animals to aquatic life.

4. Write an essay on Aqua Culture.

5. Explain the ELISA technique for detection of anti-bodies produced by experimental immunization.

6. What are the basic equipment required for cell culture laboratory. How can you plan for a cell culture laboratory.

7. Write any two of the following.

a. Morphological characters of micro organisms

b. Microbial Bio diversity.

c. Microbial Ecology.

8. Describe the significance of microbial enzymes with suitable examples.

SET – 3

1. Describe the characteristics of living organisms and explain their classification.

2. What are the risks involved in cultivation of genetically modified crops?

3. Describe the adaptations of animals to aquatic life.

4. Give an account of brackish water fisheries on India.

5. Explain the ELISA technique for detection of anti-bodies produced by experimental immunization.

6. What are the commonly used culture media for cell culture and what are the components of a typical culture medium.

7. Write any two of the following.

a. Morphological characters of micro organisms

b. Microbial Bio diversity.

c. Microbial Ecology.

8. Write notes on any two of the following.

a. Bio-Pesticides

b. Bio-Fertilizers

c. Bio-Polymers

SET – 4

1. Give a latest account of the classification of plant kingdom.

2. Describe the various culture media and growth regulators used for micro propagation.

3. Describe in detail the structure and functions of the eco system.

4. Write an essay on aqua culture.

5. Explain the parasitic diseases control methods.

6. What are the reasons for seeking genetic counseling. Explain the methods of genetic counseling.

7. Explain in detail the general characters of micro organisms with the help of necessary diagrams.

8. Write notes on any two of the following.

a. Bio-Pesticides

b. Bio-Fertilizers

c. Bio-Polymers

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY Question Papers (Regular, 2006)

SET :1

1. Describe the asexual reproduction in fungi.
Write about the importance of diatoms.
2. List out the differences between angiosperms and gymnosperm group of plants.
3. Write short notes on :
a) Allopatric speciation
b) Sympatric speciation
4. Explain Watson and Crick’s model of DNA.
5. Explain in brief the organs and organ systems present in the human body and describe their major functions.
6. What important features do all sensory receptors have in common?
7. Define bio-indicator. How bio indicators help for indication of environmental condition, explain with examples.
8. Explain the technical and economic advantages in the use of microbial enzymes.


SET :2

1. JUSTIFY – “ Viruses have both living as well as non-living characteristics”
write about the diversity in viral shapes.
2. What are plant pests? Explain taking any agriculturally important crop.
3. Discuss protozoan parasites taking any example.
4. What does one mean by “leading” and “lagging” strand with reference to DNA replication?
5. Describe in detail the composition and functions of blood.
6. Describe in detail the structure and function of neuron.
7. Discuss the development of biotechnology in the field of medicine with special reference to new drugs development.
8. Write short notes on:
a) Gene cloning
b) R DNA technology
c) Hybridization
d) Gene manipulation


SET :3

1. Describe the importance of five kingdom classification.
2. Explain the general structure and life cycle of Bryophytes.
3. Giving important characteristics write about vertebrate classification.
4. What is meant by
a) Complementary base pairing
b) DNA Polymerase.
5. Explain the role of hormones in human reproduction.
6. Explain in detail the structure and functions of neuron.
7. Define biotechnology? How biotechnological development contribute to benefit humanity.
8. ‘Some genetically engineered organisms are harmful either to other organisms or to environment’ - Discuss.


SET :4

1. Describe the importance of five kingdom classification.
2. what is meant by alteration of generation in plants.
Explain overall plant classification in brief outline.
3. Justify the role of reproductive barrier in the process of speciation.
4. Explain Watson and Crick’s model of DNA.
5. Explain in brief the organs and organ systems present in the human body and describe their major functions.
6. Explain the structural and functional anatomy of the ear with the help of a neatly labeled diagram.
7. Define biotechnology and explain the areas of interest in biotechnology.
8. What is monoclonal antibody? Explain how monoclonal antibodies are used for detection of viruses in plants, animals and human beings

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY Question Papers (Regular, 2005, RR)

SET :1

1. Discuss the importance of plant tissue culture.
2. What is phyto-remediation? Give some examples of plants used for phyto-remediation.
3. Describe the adaptations of animals to aquatic life.
4. Write an assay on aquaculture.
5. Discuss the cell types and effector mechanisms in immune reactions.
6. What are the commonly used culture media for cell culture and what are the components of a typical culture medium.
7. Write any two of the following:
a) Fungi.
b) Algae
c) Protozoa.
8. What are biofertilizers. Name some of the bio fertilizers and write the significance of bio fertilizers.


SET :2

1. Describe the technique of plant tissue culture.
2. Describe the agrobacterium – mediated method of genetic transformation for the production of transgenic plants.
3. Describe in detail the structure and functions of ecosystem.
4. Write an essay on aquaculture.
5. Explain the ELISA technique for detection of antibodies produced by experimental immunization.
6. Write short notes on any two of the following
a. Transgenic animals.
b. Genetic engineering.
c. Pure cell lines.
d. Cell culture techniques.
7. Give the general characters of algae and explain the useful and harmful effects of algae.
8. Describe the significance of microbial enzymes with suitable examples.


SET: 3

1. Explain the Tunica-Corpus theory.
2. Describe the economic importance of medicinal plants
3. Describe the adaptations of animals to aquatic life.
4. Describe the environmental laws in India.
5. Explain the ELISA technique for detection of antibodies produced by experimental immunization.
6. What are the basic equipment required for cell culture labaoratory. How can you plan for a cell culture laboratory .
7. What are the locomotory organs of microorganisms and explain in detail the locomotion in micro organisms.
8. Describe the significance of microbial enzymes with suitable examples.

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY Question Papers (Supple, 2004, NOV/DEC)

SET : 1

1. Describe the characteristics of living organisms and explain their classification.

2. What measures should India adopt to protect the rich biodiversity of medical plants?

3. Distinguish between Allopatric and sympatric species.

4. Write an essay on aquaculture.

5. Give an account of parasitic diseases of fish.

6. What are the applications of genetic engineering in animal bio-techonology.

7. Explain in detail the general characters of micro-organisms with the help of necessary diagrams.

8. Describe the significance of microbial enzymes with suitable examples.

SET : 2

1. Describe the technique of palnt tissue culture.

2. Write a short note on medicinal plants produing anti-malarial chemicals.

3. Describe in detail fresh water ecosystem.

4. Describe various methods and techniques involved in aquaculture.

5. Give an account of helmint parasites of man.

6. What are the reasons for seeking genetic councelling?

7. Give a detailed account of classification of micro organisms with examples.

8. What are microbial enzyme? Describe in detail industrially produced enzymes and their applications.

SET : 3

1. Give a latest account of the classification of plant kingdom.

2. Write about the insecticidal chemicals produced by plants.

3. Write notes on:

a. Fishing craft

b. Field culture.

4. What are the fouling organisms? Describe the significance of fouling organisms in fishery?

5. Describe the pathology of any helming infecting sheep.

6. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

a. Transgenic animals

b. Genetic engineering

c. Pure cell lines

d. Cell culture techniques.

7. Describe the general characters of bacterial and explain the useful and harmful effects of bacteria.

8. What are bio-fertilizers? Name some of the bio-fertilizers and writhe the significance of bio-fertilizers.

SET : 4

1. Write a note on the life cycle of bryophyte.

2. Explain the in vitro culture methods employed for production of secondary metabolites from plants.

3. Define vertebrate and invertebrate. On what basis the animals have been classified as invertebrates and vertebrates?

4. Discuss the biology of shell fish and finfish.

5. How ELISA is used in detection of Antibodies.

6. Writhe short notes on any TWO of the following:

a. Gene therapy

b. Stem cell research

c. Cloning

d. Genetic Counseling.

7. Explain the main general characters of fungi and describe the useful and harmful effects.

8. Give a detailed account on microbial production of plastics.

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY Question Papers (Regular, 2003, RR)

SET : 1

1. Describe the fundamental features of plant growth and explain the role of growth regulators.
2. Explain the use of plants in phytoremediation of polluted soil.
3. Write a detailed account of aquaculture.
4. Describe the immunological methods for detection of diseases in animals.
5. Define transgenic animal and explain its importance.
6. Give suitable examples and explain how microorganisms can serve as biosensors and bio-indicators.
7. Explain the concept of gene therapy and illustrate with suitable diagram.
8. Write an essay on the importance of controlling insect pests of plants to increase productivity.


SET : 2

1. Describe the life history bryophytes and pteridophytes.
2. Highlight the use of plants for manufacture of drugs and chemicals.
3. Explain the multivariate model of the composition of species.
4. Enumerate with suitable diagram the various kinds of parasites and diseases they cause to man and animals.
5. Describe the importance of animal tissue culture in biotechnology.
6. Discuss the role of microorganisms in waste treatment and bioremediation.
7. What is stem cell research and how it is useful in treatment of diseases. Explain.
8. Write an essay on aquaculture in India.


SET : 3

1. Describe the tissue culture methods for cultivation of plants and its uses.
2. Write an account on GM corps and foods.
3. Enumerate the production methods of fresh water and brackish water fishes.
4. Describe with illustration the technique of ELISA and mention its uses.
5. Explain recombinant DNA methods used in developing vaccines with examples.
6. Discuss the basic morphology of viruses and enumerate their role in diseases.
7. Write an account on biofertilizers with suitable examples.
8. Write an essay on protection of our environment and laws governing them.

SET : 4

1. Write an account of life history of angiosperms and gymnosperms.
2. Describe the economic importance of medicinal plants.
3. Discuss the biology of shell-Fish and finfish.
4. What are monoclonal antibodies? How they used in detection of diseases?
5. Explain the techniques used in pre-nodal diagnosis of genetic disorders.
6. Name any there microbial enzymes which are used in large scale industry explain.
7. Highlight the beneficial effects of bio-fertilizers giving suitable examples.
8. Write an essay on GM crops and foods.

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY syllabus,JNTU (2007-2008)

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS

Diversity in biological systems, Cell biology and cell structure, Difference between Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes. Kingdom systems. Five-kingdom classification General characters, Brief account on Ecology, Morphology, Nutrition, Locomotion and Reproduction, useful and harmful effects of Bacteria, Viruses, Algae, Fungi and Protozoans.

UNIT II: PLANT BIOLOGY

Classification of Plant Kingdom. Concepts of Growth, Meristems. Development of different plant organs; Plant growth regulators; Economic Importance of Plants, Biology of Pests in relation to Rice, Cotton, Sugarcane and Groundnut.

UNIT III: ANIMAL BIOLOGY

Classification of Animal Kingdom, Functions, morphology, growth and Reproduction, economic importance. Phylogeny of Invertebrate & Vertebrate Phyla, Concepts

of Species & Ecosystem. Protozoan Parasites – two important forms in man ( Plasmodium, Entamoeba histolytica), Helminthes ( Fasciotopsis buski, Taenia solium, Ascaris, Wucharia bancrafti)

UNIT IV: BASIC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Genetics: DNA as genetic material, Structure of DNA, DNA replication, Transcription, Translation, Genes to proteins to protein function, Gene expression and regulation, Recombinant DNA technology.

UNIT V: HUMAN BIOLOGY I

Introduction of body as a whole, Cells and Tissue Organization, Electrolytes and Body fluids. Physiology of Blood. Digestive system, Respiratory system and Endocrine system.

UNIT VI: HUMAN BIOLOGY II

Human Physiology: Biological axons and neurons, Neuromuscular and synaptic junctions, Sensory systems - hearing, taste, smell and visual receptors.

UNIT VII: PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Bacterial & Plant photosynthesis; oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis; chlorophyll as trapper of solar energy, photosynthetic reaction centres, Hill reaction, PS I & PS II, Photophosphorylation - cyclic & non-cyclic; Dark reaction & CO2 fixation.

UNIT VIII : APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY: BASIC CONCEPTS

Drugs and Chemicals from Plants & Animals, Definition and importance (in general) of Biofuels, Biofertilizers, Biopesticides, Bioindicators and Biosensors, Microbial Enzymes, Single Cell Protein (SCP), Monoclonal Antibodies, Introduction to Transgenic Plants & Animals.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. H.G. Rehen and G.Reed, biotechnology Volume I & 2

2. Basic Biotechnology, Second Edition, by Colin Ratledge and Bjorm

Kristiansen, Cambridge University Press.

3. Anatomy and Physiology In Health and Disease,K. J.W. Wilison and

A. Waugh, Churchill & Livingston.

REFERENCES

1) Plant Physiology F.B Salisbury & C.W. Ross 4th edition Thomson Wadsworth

2) Dr. C.C. Chatterjee, Human Physiology (11th Edition) Vol I and II, Medical

Allied Agency, Kolkata, 1987.