MICROBIOLOGY syllabus, JNTU (2007-208)

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY

1. Discovery of microorganisms; Theory of spontaneous generation, Germ theory of diseases; Major contribution and events in the field of Microbiology. Scope and relevance of microbiology.

2. Identification of Microorganisms - A general account. Microdiversity

UNIT II: MAJOR GROUPS OF MICROORGANISMS.

1. General characteristics of Bacteria, Archaea and Eubacteria. Diversity classification of Woese et al. Three domains of life. Five - kingdom system of Whittaker.

2. Classification systems - Phylogenetic, Phenetic, Taxonomic ranks, Major characteristics

used in Taxonomy - Morphological, Physiological, ecological, Biochemical, Immunological, Genetical and Molecular.

UNIT III: INTRODUCTION TO VIRUSES

Virus properties, Structure of Viruses; Animal Virology; Plant Virology; Viruses of Arthropods, bacteria and other lower organisms; and classification of viruses (Bacterial, plant and animal replication with 1 example each) and Applications of Virology in Biotech Industry,

UNIT IV: REPLICATION OF VIRUSES

Viral Replication, Bacterial, plant and animal replication with 1 example each ( in case of animal viruses the teaching should include the examples of DNA and RNA viral replication and also of those that replicate in the cytoplasm and nucleus).

UNIT V: IDENTIFICATION, CULTURING AND ASSAY OF VIRUSES

Identification and in vitro cultivation of viruses. Assay of viruses ( Both Bacterial and animal viruses)

UNIT VI: NUTRITION AND CULTIVATION

1. Nutrition of microorganisms; nutritional classes of microbes, Macro and micronutrients, their sources and physiological functions of nutrients. Growth factors and their functions in metabolism. Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.

2. Cultivation of microorganisms; Culture media, synthetic, complex media, solidifying

agents, types of media -selective, differential and enrichment and enriched

media, pure culture methods - spread plate, pour plate and streak plate,

special techniques for cultivation of anaerobes.

UNIT VII : IDENTIFICATION AND PRESERVATION OF MICROBES

1. Preservation of Microganisms: working and primary stock cultures – agarslants, agar stabs, spore preparation, use of sterile soil, cryopreservation, lyophilisation, Application and limitations of various methods.

2. Influence of environmental factors or growth – solutes, water activity, pH, temperature, oxyzen, osomotic pressure, radiation.

3. Colony characteristics, staining techniques; Fixation, Principle dyes, simple standing, differential staining spore staning, flageller straining.

4. Biochemical tests – Sugar fermentations, IMVIC tests, Catalase production etc.

UNIT VIII : MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Disease causing microorganisms, Molecular Basis of pathogenecity and identification methods ( for at least 6 important bacterial and viral infections)

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Microbiology, Pelczar M.J. Chan ECE and Krieg NR. Tata McGraw Hill.

2. Introduction to Micro Biology a case History approach 3^rd edition john. L. Ingraham, Catherine A lingraham, Thomson Publications.