PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS - II (THEORY)

Physiochemical chemical aspects of analytical chemistry with special reference to pharmaceutical analysis.

Chromatographic methods-1: Principles, theories, instrumentation and applications involved in a) column chromatography b) Paper chromotography c) Thin layer chromatography and HPTLC d) Ion exchange and gel filtration techniques
Chromatographic methods-II: Principles, theories, instrumentation and applications involved in a) Gas chromatography (GC) b) High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Spectrophotometric analysis: A discussion of basic principles including interaction of matter with electro-magnetic radiation, absorption, emission, luminescence and scattering phenomena, units of measurement and definition of terms: a) absorptiometry: quantitative consideration of absorption phenomena including Beer and Lambert's laws and their mathematical expression, deviations from the laws and methods used in absorption spectrophotometry (visible, UV and IR) including sources, monochromators, detectors, preparation of calibration curves and pharmaceutical applications. Sources of errors and their correction and validation of spectrophotometric methods. B) Basic principles, equipment and methods used and pharmaceutical applications of flame photometry, photofluorimetry, turbidimetry and nephlometry.

Electrochemical analysis: A discussion of basic principles involved in electrochemical analysis, electrochemical cells and half-cells, electrodes, electrode reactions and electrode potentials: a) Potentiometry: basic principles involved in measurement of EMF and pH, Nernst equation, typical equipment and their construction, factors influencing EMF of cells, portable, stationary and online equipment for pH measurement, applications b) Potentiometric titrations including principles involved, methods for detection of end point including dead stop mend point, applications in neutralization, redox and precipitation titrations, equipment used, exploration of titration curves obtained with acids and bases of different strength and mixture of acids. c) Conductometric titrations: basic principles, titrations, equipment and applications.
d) Polarography: basic principles, titrations, equipment and applications in qualitative and quantitative analysis. e) amperometric titrations: basic principles, titrations, equipment and applications.
Basic principles, definition of terms, equipment and their working and applications of NMR and Mass spectrometry. Thermal methods of analyses and radioimmunoassay.

Textbooks:
1. Practical pharmacology chemistry by A.H.Beckett and J.B.Stenlake
2. Indian Pjarmacopoeia

Reference books:
1. Pharmaceutical chemistry by L.G.Chattern (Marcel Dekker)
2. A text book of pharmaceutical analysis by K.A.Connors (John Willey)
3. Pharmaceutical analysis- modern methods by J.W.Munson (Marcel Dekker)
4. Instrumental methods of analysis by Willard, Merritt, Dean and Settle (CBS Publishers)
5. Text book of analytical chemistry, by Y.Anjaneyulu, K.Chandra sekhar and Valli manickam.
6. Introduction to instrumental analysis by Robert D.Braun published by pharma book syndicate.