SYLLABUS 4 JNTU BME - MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES

MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES

UNIT-I
Fundamentals of X-ray: Electromagnetic Radiation, Interactions between X-rays and Matter, Intensity of an X-ray Beam, Attenuation. Generation and Detection of X-rays: X-ray Generation, Fillers, Beam Restrictors and Grids, Intensifying Screens Fluorescent Screens, X-ray detectors.

UNIT-II
X-Ray Image Characteristics: Spatial Resolution, Image Noise, Image Contrast, Receiver Operating Curve (ROC), Image Subtraction, Digital Radiography. X-raydiagnostic methods, Biological effects of ionising radiation.

UNIT-III
Conventional Tomography, Longitudinal Section Tomography, Computed Tomography,Reconstruction Techniques: Algebraic, Iterative reconstruction Techniques,Radon Transform and its applications. Back Projection, Filter Back Projection Algorithms.

UNIT-IV
Radio Nuclide Imaging: Fundamentals of Radioactivity, Generation and Detection of Nuclear Emission, Diagnostic Methods using Radiation Detector. Radio Nuclide
Imaging Systems: SPECT, PET, Attenuation compensation. Characteristics of Radio nuclide Images, Internal Radiation, Dosimetry and Biological effects,

UNIT-V
Fundamentals of Acoustic Propagation: Reflection and Refraction, Attenuation, Absorption, Scattering, Non linearity Parameter and Doppler effect. Image Characteristics: Ultrasonic Texture, Speckle reduction, Compensation of Phase Aberration, Tissue Characterization. Transducer Beam Characteristics, Axial and
Lateral Resolution, Focusing arrays.

UNIT-VI
Ultrasonic Diagnostic Methods: Pulse-Echo Systems, Transmission Methods, Doppler Methods, Duplex Methods, Duplex Imaging. Biological effects due to Ultrasound.

UNIT-VII
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Fundamentals of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Fourier Spectrum of the NMR Signal, Spin Density, Relaxation Times, Pulse Sequences. Generation and Detection of NMR signal: Magnetic field Gradients, The NMR Coil/ Probe, The Transmitter, and The Receiver.

UNIT-VIII
Characteristics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Spatial Resolution, Image contrast.Imaging Methods: Data Acquisition, Spin.Echo Imaging, Gradient Echo Imaging, Blood Flow Imaging, NMR Spectroscopy, Sensitivity and Resolution, Imaging Safety.Biological Effects of Magnetic Fields.

TEXT BOOK
1. K.Kirk Shung, Michael B. Smith, Benjamin Tsui. Principles of Medical Imaging.,Pub : Academic Press, 1992
2. Rangaraj M. Rangayyan, Biomedical Image Analysis”, CRC Press, Boca Raton,FL, 2005.

REFERENCE:
1. Avinash C. Kak, Principles of Computerised Tomographic Imaging. IEEE PRESS