DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING Question Papers (REG, 2008)

SET: 1

1. Describe about economic assessment of various proteins via rDNA.

2. (a) What are the parameters used in characterization in fermentation broth? (b) List down all the important impurities and contaminants present in DSP and their removal techniques.

3. Write short notes on the following.
(a) enzymatic cell lysis
(b) chemical cell lysis
(c) concentration polarization and cross flow filtration.

4. Write short notes on :
(a) Liquid membranes
(b) Ultra filtration

5. (a) Write about the criteria used for selection of extraction equipment in antibiotic industry.
(b) A compound X is to be extracted from a clarified fermentation beer by using pure amyl acetate as solvent at pH 4.0. The distribution coefficient K of the system was found to be 30. The initial concentration of compound x in the feed is 400 ml/L. The flow rates of the feed and solvent streams are 500L/H and 30L/H respectively. How many ideal stages are required to recover 90% of X in the feed.

6. Write the mode of separation of compounds by capillary electrophoresis. Discuss the mode of operation by a schematic diagram.

7. write short notes on:
(a) Peak asymmetry
(b) Selectivity factor
(c) Stationary phase
(d) Gradient elution.
8. Discuss the process of crystallization. What are the different parameters considered before crystallising a compound?


SET: 2

1. What is the role of process engineer in Bioseparation process? Explain in detail with help of suitable examples.

2. What are the major steps involved in the product isolation and purification of citric acid manufacture?

3. (a) Discuss the theoretical principles of constant pressure filtration. (b) How is compressibility of a cake determined?

4. Explain in detail how do you classify the membrane separation methods according to particle size.

5. What is integrated bioprocessing. Draw a neat schematic diagram for a known compound of your interest. What are the likely problems encountered in the process and the necessary steps to overcome them to upkeep the process efficiency.

6. Write the procedure of SDS - PAGE. Discuss how to calculate the molecular weight of an unknown protein on the gel.

7. (a) Write the principle of Gel chromatography. (b) What is the retention volume (VR) if external solution (Vo) is 16ml and internal solution is 5ml and fraction of (Vi) acceptable to solute is 12 ml in a gel chromatography column?

8. (a) Write about the process of crystal formation and the geometrical changes associated with it. (b) Write the significance of crystallization in product recovery.


SET: 3

1. Discuss about the classical and modern biotechnology consideration of downstream processing in biotech industry.

2. Discuss the steps involved in the product isolation and purification of an antibiotic production.

3. Write notes on the operation of tubular bowl centrifuge and disc stack centrifuge.

4. (a) Discuss about the classification of membrane separation process. (b) What are the transport models for membrane process? Explain about them.

5. Explain the "in situ product removal as a tool for bioprocessing".

6. (a) Describe about different types of support media employed in electrophoresis. (b) How to prepare the sample of a nucleic acid to load on an agarose gel.

7. (a) Write about different types of stationary phases available for gas chromatography. (b) what is the percentage composition of the mixture of Ethane, propane, butane if in gas chromatography seperation the peak areas were 53.2, 14.5 and 31 cm.

8. Write the principle and process of crystallization. Discuss how it is different from precipitation.


SET : 4

1. Give generalized process recovery scheme for enzymes from plant resources with help of solid state fermentation.

2. Write in detail about the selecting of various unit operations in relation to their separation factor and the molecular size of the material to be recovered in DSP.

3. Explain the principle of centrifugal seperation. What is a Gyrotester? What are its uses?

4. (a) What are the advantages of membrane separation processes (b)What is Ultrafiltration? How is it useful in bioseperation?

5. What is in situ product removal in bioprocessing. What are the disadvantages of using ISPR and the necessary precautions in ISPR operation.

6. Short notes on: a) Capillary array Electrophpresis. b) Isoelectric focusing c) Capillary zone Electrophoresis d) Electro osmotic flow.

7. Write short notes on : a) Temperature programming in G.C a) Band seperation c) Electron Capture detector. d) Open tubular column.

8. What is crystallization and how it is common and different from lyophilization.

DSP ONLINE BITS 4 UNIT VIII

Dialysis

1. [M] The driving force for the dialysis is

a. velocity gradient

b. density gradient

c. concentration gradient

d. potential gradient ………………..ans(c)

2. [S] Which of these is not a membrane process

a. Dialysis

b. Reverse osmosis

c. Ultracentrifugation

d. Electroporosis ………………………..ans(d)

3. [S] In dialysis the flux of small molecules is ___________ the solvent flux

a. Independen of

b. Proportional to

c. Grater than

d. Less than ……………………………..ans(a)

4. [S] Artificial kidney involves the process of

a. Pervaporation

b. Crystallization

c. Dialysis

d. Electroporosis ……………………ans(c)

5. [M] Membrane that is not used for dialysis is

a. Cellulose

b. Cellulose acetate

c. Poly acrylonitrile

d. Teflon …………………… ans(d)

6. [M] Dannan dialysis uses ______ membranes

a. Ion exchange

b. Solid

c. Liquid

d. Cellulose ……………………….ans(a)

7. [H] the energy consumption in electrodialysis can be calculated by

a. I = E² nRT

b. E = I² / nRT

c. E = I²nRT

d. E = nRT ……………ans(c)

8. [S] A process where small molecules diffuse through membrane because of a concentration driving force in presence of electrical field

a. Dialysis

b. Electrodialysis

c. Chromatography

d. Osmosis …………………………….ans(b)

9. [S] Many electrodialysis plants use polarity reversal to reduce scaling caused by _________ of salts

a. crystallization

b. sedimentation

c. precipitation

d. pervaporation ……………..ans(c)

10. [H] In water treatment Eletrodialysis appears to be competitive with R.O and ion exchange in the range from ____________ TDS.

a. 1000 to 3000 mg/lit

b. 10 to 30 kg/lit

c. 10 o 100 g/lit

d. 5000 to 8000 mg/lit ………………..ans(a)

Pervaporation and crystallization

1. [S] A type of membrane process in which there is liquid on one side and vapor on other side is ______________

a. Pervaporation

b. Dialysis

c. Osmosis

d. Crystallization ………………..ans(a)

2. [M] For removal of trace organics, rubbery polymers such as ___________ are used.

a. Poly ether black amide

b. Poly acrylo nitrile

c. Poly acryl amide

d. Cellulose ……………………..ans(a)

3. [S] The Poly Ether Black Amide is generally represented as

a. PBA

b. PEBA

c. PBX

d. PEBAX …………….ans(d)

4. [S] For the removal of water from ___________, such as ethanol-water, either glassy polymers or Ion exchange membranes are used.

a. Isotropes

b. Anisotropes

c. Azeotropes

d. Allotropes …………………..ans(c)

5. [M] Cut θ can be defined as

a. θ = F_p / F_in

b. θ = F_in / F_out

c. θ = F_in / F_p

d. θ = F_p / F_out …………………….ans(a)

6. [H] In the pervaporation, ∆P can be increased by ___________ using a sweep gas

a. Decreasing the downstream pressure

b. Increasing the upstream pressure

c. Decreasing the upstream pressure

d. Increasing the downstream pressure ………………ans(a)

7. [M] Fractional crystallization uses _________ equilibrium stages operating at _______ temperatures

a. 2 , same

b. 2, different

c. 3, same

d. 3, different ……………….ans(b)

8. [S] In Melt crystallization, __________ is not present

a. water

b. solute

c. solvent

d. precipitate ………………ans(c)

9. [S] CSD and shape of the crystals depends on _________ and ________ in the crystallizer

a. kinetics and Mass transfer

b. dynamics and heat transfer

c. kinetics and heat transfer

d. dynamics and mass transfer ……………..ans(a)

10. [H] The rate of formation of nuclei B^o, is given by

a. B^o = A exp[-16Πσ ³ V²_M / 3 K³T³(ln S)²].

b. B^o = A exp[16Πσ ³ V²_M / 3 K³T³(ln S)²]

c. B^o = A exp[-16Πσ ³ V²_M / K³T³(ln S)²]

d. B^o = [-16Πσ ³ V²_M / 3 K³T³(ln S)²] ………………..ans(a)

Processing of cetric acid and pencillin

1. [S] Pencillin G is administered ____________ whereas pencillin V is administered _______________ .

a. parenteraly, orally

b. orally, parentaraly

c. topically, orally

d. orally, topically …………………….. ans (a)

2. [S] ___________ is used as the nitrogen source for higher pencillin yields compared to other nitrogen sources

a. cornsteep liquor

b. cottonseed meal

c. soyabean meal

d. ammonia …………………….ans(a)

3. [M] which are used as the precursor for the pencillin production

a. sodium phenyl acetate

b. sodium phenoxy acetate

c. both a and b

d. phenyl acetic acid ……………….ans(c)

4. [M] The pencillin is concentrated by _________ at 20 to 30^oC

a. evoperation under vacuum

b. drying

c. sedimentation

d. centrifugation ………………………ans(a)

5. [S] The distribution co-efficient of pencillin between organic and aquous phase depends strongly on

a. OD

b. Temperature

c. Dilution

d. PH ………………….ans(d)

6. [S] Citric acid is a product of

a. Secondary metabolism

b. Primary metabolism

c. Extraction

d. Reproduction process ………………….ans(b)

7. [M] The first step applied to the citric acid fermentation broth is

a. Filteration

b. Dialysis

c. Chromatography

d. Precipitation …………………………..ans(d)

8. [H] Extraction of citric acid is realized at

a. low temperature

b. high temperature

c. V.low temperature

d. Super heated temperature. ………………….ans(a)

9. [H] Which of these is not used as extrants of citric acid

a. ketones

b. ethers

c. esters

d. phenols ………………………ans(d)

10. [S] The solvent that is obtained after extraction of cetric acid is then striped with

a. hot water

b. cold water

c. alcohol

d. acetone ………………….ans(a)

Processing of low volume, high value product (r-product)

1. [S] Intracellular enzyme production is released by

a. crystallization

b. homogenization

c. precipitation

d. dialysis …………………………..ans(b)

2. [S] After homogenization, the product is purified by the processing

a. centrifugation

b. fractional precipitation

c. chromatography

d. lyophilization …………………………..ans(b)

3. [M] The final purification of recombinant enzyme include

a. centrifugation

b. homogenization

c. electroporation

d. chromatography ………………………ans(d)

4. [S] The absence of endotoxins in r- human insulin is confirmed by

a. limulus amoebocyte lysate

b. Biological test in rabbits

c. Both a and b

d. Neither a nor b …………………..ans(c)

5. [H] The most familiar contaminant seen along with the r- Human Insulin is

a. Exotoxins

b. Endotoxins

c. Antibiotics

d. Mycotoxins …………………..ans(b)

6. [H] The shelf life of Humulin is limited to

a. 5 to 7 yrs

b. 3 to 6 yrs

c. 1 to 2 yrs

d. 2 to 3 yrs …………………..ans(d)

7. [S] Which of this is not an example of r- Protein

a. HGH

b. Insulin

c. Erythropoietin

d. Keratin …………………..ans(d)

8. [M] In the process of preparation of r-insulin by Trans peptidation, the crude insulin is purified by

a. Chromatography

b. RP HPLC

c. NP HPLC

d. Ion exchange chromatography …………………..ans(b)

9. [M] By replacing the expand-bed adsorption with conventional packed bed method, the number of unit operations in the process of purification of r-HSA from yeast was reduced by _________ steps

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4 …………………..ans(c)

10. [S] Generally, the purified protein is concentrated by __________ and _____ .

a. lyophilization and Ultrafiltration

b. centrifugation and sedimentation

c. R.O and pervaporation

d. Chromatography and Electrophorosis …………………..ans(a)

Super fluid extraction foam based separation

1. [S] Polyhedral foams offer large _________ interfacial area associated with a small amount of liquid.

a. gas-liquid

b. liquid-liquid

c. solid-liquid

d. liquid-gas …………ans(a)

2. [S] Foam separation is based on the difference in __________ of the components to be separated

a. density

b. potential

c. surface activity

d. viscosity …………………….ans(c)

3. [M] A surface active molecule consists of a _____ and _____ groups.

a. aliphatic and aromatic

b. lyophobic and a lyophilic

c. ionic and covalent

d. hydraphobic and hydrophilic ……………..ans(b)

4. [M] The extent of enrichment would depend upon the relative amount of __________ compared to that in the bulk.

a. adsorbed surfactant

b. un adsorbed surfactant

c. adsorbed carbon

d. adsorbed lipids …………ans(a)

5. [S] Foam concentration is found to be very efficient for extremely ________ solutions

a. concentrated

b. dilute

c. turbid

d. viscous …………….ans(b)

6. [S] Which of these is not an attractive feature of foam concentration technique

a. high separation efficiency

b. low capital

c. operating cost

d. over aeration ………………ans(d)

7. [H] __________ can be concentrated from its mixture with sodium cholate by foam fermentation

a. Cholic acid

b. Sodium chloride

c. Acetic acid

d. Citric acid ………………ans(a)

8. [M] Foaming is better with ________ bubble size

a. large

b. fine

c. more

d. coarse ………………..ans(b)

9. [H] __________ separated pepsin and rennin by preferential adsorbtion of pepsin in the foam

a. Andrew and Schutz

b. Bader et.al

c. Davis et.al

d. Brown et.al …………….ans(a)

10. [S] The temperature of the foam will be ________ the temperature of tha feed.

a. Grater than

b. Lesser than

c. Equal to

d. Negligible …………….ans(a)