TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN BIOPROCESSES syllabus (2007-2008)

Unit I: Momentum Transport-I

Mechanism of Momentum Transport: Newton’s Law of Viscosity, Non- Newtonian fluids, theory of viscosity of liquids, time dependant viscosity, viscosity measurement ( cone-and-plate viscometer, coaxial cylinder rotary viscometer, impeller viscometer ), use of viscometers with biological reaction fluids, rheological properties of fermentation broth, factors affecting broth viscocity ( cell concentration, cell morphology, osmotic pressure, product and substrate concentration ), Velocity distribution in laminar flow and turbulent flow

Unit II: Momentum Transport-II

Equation of change for isothermal system ( equation of continuity, equation of motion, equation of mechanical energy ), interphase transport in isothermal systems ( friction factors for flow in tubes and in packed columns ) mixing, mixing mechanism, power requirements in ungassed Newtonian and Non Newtonian fluids, gassed fluids, interaction between cell and turbulent Eddies, operating conditions for turbulent shear damage. Macroscopic Balances- mass, momentum and mechanical energy balances.

Unit III: Energy Transport-I

Thermal conductivity and the mechanisms of energy transport- measurement of thermal conductivity, Fourier’s law, steady state conduction, analogy between heat and momentum transfer

Unit IV: Energy Transport-II

Temperature distribution with more than one independent variables- heating in a semi infinite and finite slab,temperature distribution in turbulent flow- reference to stirred tank reactor, relationship between heat transfer, cell concentrations and stirring conditions

Unit V: Mass Transport I

Diffusivity, theory of diffusion, analogy between mass heat and momentum transfer, role of diffusion in bioprocessing, film theory, concentration distribution with more than one independent variable- unsteady diffusion, boundary layer theory, concentration distribution in turbulent flow- Corrsin equation

Unit VI: Mass Transport II

Definition of binary mass transfer coefficients, transfer coefficients at high mass transfer rates- boundary layer theory, penetration theory

Unit VII: Mass Transport III

Convective mass transfer, Liquid -solid mass transfer, liquid-liquid mass transfer, gas-liquid mass transfer

Unit VIII: Oxygen Transport

Oxygen uptake in cell cultures, Factors affecting cellular oxygen demand, oxygen transfer from gas bubbles to aerobic culture, oxygen transfer in fermentors- bubbles, factors affecting oxygen transport- sparging, stirring, medium properties, antifoam agents, temperature, mass transfer correlations, measurements of k_La - oxygen balance method, dynamic method.

Note: In all units relevant basic numerical problems should be practiced

TEXT BOOKS

R.B.Bird, W.E.Stewart, E.N.Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, John wiley and sons,

Singapore , 1994

2 P.M.Doran, Bioprocess Principles, Academic Press, 1995

3 Harvey W. Blanch, Douglas S. Clark Biochemical Engineering, Marcecel, Dekker, 2007.

REFERENCE BOOK

1 M.L.Shuler and F. Kargi, Bioprocess Engineering: Basic concepts, 2^nd edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2003