GENETICS Question Papers (SUPPLE,2008)

iyisSET 1 :

1. What is meant by epistasis? Explain citing examples.

2. Justify that Prokaryotic genetic organization is simpler compared to euchromatic genetic organization.

3. Describe the process of Transformation in bacteria.
4. With respect to used for recombination mapping? Explain what are parental di-types, non-parental ditypes and Tetratypes?
5. Write in detail about human karyotyping.
6. Differentiate between conjugation of:
1. F+ and F-
2. Hfr and F-
7. What is Marylon hypothesis? Write in detail.
8. Write notes on uniparental inheritance.

SET 2 :

1. Explain how bacteriophage is used for Hershey and Chase experiment.
2. How is the genetic organization of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes different?
3. What are meant by the terms “Linkage” and “Recombination” in relation to each other?
4. Describe a Two-point testcross in detail.
5. Write notes on:

1. Translocations
2. Inversions

6. Explain the mechanism of sex determination in Drosophila.
7. Write about role of sex chromosomes in sex differentiation and development in Humans.
8. Variation in Mirabilis is due to cytoplasmic inheritance-explain.

SET 3 :

1. What is meant by Epistasis? Explain citing suitable examples.

2. How is the DNA packed in Eukaryotic chromosomes?

3. Discuss about the genetic basis of bacterial lysogeny.

4. Describe a Two-point testcross in detail.

5. Write notes on:

a) Histones

b) Heterochromatin

6. Describe conjugation mating experiments.

7. Write notes on:

a) Sex linked traits

b) Haemophilia.

8. Write in detail about chloroplast and mitochondrial inheritance.

SET 4 :

1. Write short notes on:

a) Codominance

b) Incomplete dominance

c) Dominance

d) Multiple alleles.

2. Explain how long strands of DNA are condensed into chromosomes?

3. Which event in Meiosis acts as the principle basis of Recombination?

4. What is the difference between a meiotic and mitotic crossing over?

5. Write short notes on:

a) Banding

b) Karyotyping

6. Explain the mechanism of sex determination in Drosophila.

7. Differentiate between Autosomes and sex chromosomes.

8. Write about petite phenotypes in yeast

GENETICS Question Papers (Supple, November 2007, RR)

SET :1
1. Discuss Mendel’s postulates based on his monohybrid cross results. [4+12]

2. What is the difference in genetic material distribution in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Explain it’s consequences. [8+8]

3. Why does more crossing occur between two distant linked genes than between two genes that are very close together on the same chromosome? [8+8]

4. Describe how transformation is useful in genetic engineering. [4+12]

5. What are translocations? How do they affect the genetic material? Elucidate your answer with suitable examples. [4+12]

6. Differentiate between point mutations that re transitions versus tranversions. Using the DNA bases (A, T, G and C) list the four types of transition and the eight types of transversions. [5+11]

7. What is difference between X and Y chromosomes? Explain with examples. [8+8]

8. What is kappa in Paramecium? [4+12]


SET :2

1. What properties of Fruit Flies and made them the organism of choice for genetics? [5+11]

2. Write an essay on the higher order chromatin organization. [6+10]

3. Describe the experiment of Creighton and McClintock that demonstrated that recombination involved a physical exchange of chromosomal material? [8+8]

4. Write a note on Virus -mediated bacterial DNA transfer. [4+12]

5. Write the function and organization of nucleosome. [4+12]

6. What is difference between a chromosomal aberration and gene mutation? [8+8]

7. Relate the potential effect of the Lyon hypothesis on the retina of a human female heterozygous for the X-linked red-green color-blindness. [8+8]

8. How would you determine that a segregative petite mutant in yeast is controlled by a chromosomal gene? [4+12]


SET :3

1. Consider the F2 offspring of Mendel’s dihybrid cross. Determine the conditional probability that F2 plants expressing both dominant traits are heterozygous at both loci. [4+12]

2. What is the output of Avery and his colleague’s experiment on transforming ability of the DNA? [6+10]

3. Explain the experimental proof which forms the cytological basis of crossing over. [8+8]

4. How is mapping done by tetrad analysis? [8+8]

5. Write a note on structure and organization of Lampbrush chromosomes. [4+12]

6. Write an essay that describes mutations. [3+13]

7. Contrast the fertility of an allotetraploid with an autotriploid and an autotetraploid. [8+8]

8. What is kappa in Paramecium? [4+12]


SET :4

1. What type of crosses would produce the following genetic ratios?
(a) 3:1
(b) 1:1
(c) 1:2:1
(d) 9:3:3:1 [4×4]

2. Elaborate on the various contributions made in understanding transformation by Griffith, Avery and his co-workers. [4+12]

3. Write a note on map-distances. [6+10]

4. Describe the mode of conjugation and transformation in detail. [8+8]

5. Explain the terms
(a) Histones and Non-histones
(b) Chromosome scaffolds. [8+8]

6. 5-bromouracil, 2-aminopurine, proflavin, ethylethane sulfonate and nitrous acid are chemical mutagens. What does each do? [16]

7. Contrast the fertility of an allotetraploid with an autotriploid and an autotetraploid. [8+8]

8. How would you determine that a segregative petite mutant in yeast is controlled by a chromosomal gene? [4+12]

GENETICS Question Papers (SUPPLE,2007)

SET 1 :

1. Write short notes on:

a) Codominance

b) Incomplete dominance

c) Dominance

d) Multiple alleles

2. Explain how long strands of DNA are condensed into chromosomes?
3. What are HFr strains?Discuss their importance in conjugation.
4. Explain what is meant by mitotic crossing over?
5. Write short notes on:

a) Down’s syndrome

b) Turner’s syndrome

6. Write notes on:

a) F- and F+ bacteria

b) Hfr and F-conjugation.

7. Haemophilia predominantly expresses in males –justify the statement.
8. Differentiate between extra nuclear and nuclear inheritance.

SET 2 :

1. Explain the terms:

a) Test cross

b) Back cross

c) Heterozygous and Homozygous

d) Phenotype and Genotype

2. Justify that Prokaryotic genetic organization is simpler compared toeuchromatic genetic organization.
3. Write short notes on:

a) Chiasma and crossing over

b) Recombination frequency and linkage intensity.

4. Describe mitotic recombination in detail.
5. Give an account on structural chromosome mutations.
6. Write notes on:

a) Chromosome mapping

b) F+ transfer

7. Write about sex linked traits in humans with Haemophilia as example.
8. Kappa particles in paramecium exhibit uniparental inheritance-Explain.

SET 3 :

1. How did Mendel explain the segregation of two or more genes?

2. Write short notes on:

a) Histones

b) Euchromatin.

3. Write short notes on:

a) Competence factor in Transformation

b) Abortive Transduction.

4. Describe a Two-point test cross in detail.

5. Write in detail about human karyotyping.

6. How sex is determined in Bacteria? Write about F+ and F-strains.

7. Heterochromatinization occurs only in females-Explain.

8. Write about petite phenotypes in yeast.

SET 4 :

1. Write short notes on:

a) Codominance

b) Incomplete dominance

c) Dominance

d) Multiple alleles.

2. What is the importance of presence of histones in Eukaryotic chromosomes?

3. How was the process of transformation discovered by Griffith’s experiment?

4. Describe a Two-point test cross in detail.

5. Describe the organization of Prokaryotic Genome.

6. Write in detail about mechanism of bacterial conjugation.

7. Write about role of sex chromosomes in sex differentiation and development in Humans.

8. Write notes on:

a) Variegated phenotype

b) CO2 sensitivity in drosophila.

GENETICS Question Papers (REG,2006)

SET 1 :

1. Explain how bacteriophage is used for Hershey and Chase experiment.

2. How is the genetic organization of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes different?

3. What is meant by recombination? What are the different ways by which it can occur?

4. Describe a Two-point test cross in detail.

5. What is the method used in karyotyping. Explain the importance of karyotyping.

6. Describe interrupted mating experiments in Bacteria.

7. Differentiate between Autosomes and sex chromosomes.

8. Write short notes on:

a) Variegated phenotype

b) Mitochondrial inheritance.

SET 2 :

1. Explain in detail about quantitative characters and their inheritance.

2. How is the genetic organization of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes different?

3. Write short notes on:

a) Competence factor in transformation

b) Abortive Transduction.

4. How is a Two-point test cross used for recombination mapping?

5. Write in detail about human karyotyping.

6. Write notes on:

a) Auxotrophs

b) Supplemented medium.

7. What are sex linked traits? Explain with examples.

8. Variation in Mirabilis is due to cytoplasmic inheritance-explain.

SET 3 :

1. Using suitable examples explain how typical dihybrid ratios are altered due to gene interactions.

2. Write about the chemical composition of Eukaryotic chromososmes.

3. What is meant by recombination? What are the different ways by which it can occur?

4. Explain what is meant by mitotic crossing over?

5. Write in detail about human karyotyping.

6. Differentiate between conjugation of:

a) F+ and F-

b) Hfr and F-

7. Write about x-linked and y linked characters in humans.

8. Write in detail about chloroplast and mitochondrial inheritance.

SET 4 :

1. Drawing Punnett squares explain:

a) Trihybrid cross

b) Dihybrid cross.

2. What is meant by “Chromatin”? Explain its components.
3. What are HFr strains? Discuss their importance in conjugation.
4. Describe a Two-point test cross in detail.
5. Describe the organization of Prokaryotic Genome.
6. Describe conjugation mating experiments.
7. Write about role of sex chromosomes in sex determination and development in Humans.
8. Mitochondrial inheritance mechanism differs from nuclear inheritance? Explain.

GENETICS Question Papers

SET 1 :

1. Differentiate between test cross and back cross with example.

2. What is the evidence that the genetic material of TMV ( Tobacco Mosaic Virus) is RNA.

3. How you define the co-relationship between linkage vs. Independent assortment?

4. Describe the mechanism of transduction process.

5. What is karyotyping? What it is used in relation to diseases?

6. Focus light on the molecular basis of mutations.

7. Contrast the Nnotch locus with the Bar locus in Drosophila. What phenotypic ratio would be produced in a cross between Notch females with Bar male.

8. What do you mean by extra chromosomal inheritance? Write an example how it transfers to next generation.

SET 2 :

1. Describe the inheritance of a quantitative trait with suitable examples.

2. Write in detail about the organization of bacterial genome.

3. Draw differences between linkage and crossing over.

4. Describe the mechanism of transformation process.

5. What are nucleosomes? Focus light on their structural organization.

6. Give an account of spontaneous mutations? Describes their significance.

7. Relate the potential effect of the Lyon hypothesis on the retina of a human female heterozygous for the X-linked red-green color-blindness.

8. What genetic tests could you conduct to show that the mate killer phenotype in paramecium requires a dominant allele at any one of two loci?

SET 3 :

1. How are penetrance and expressivity related?

2. Several years after Griffith described the transferring principle, Avery, Mc Leod and Mc Carty investigated the same phenomenon.

a) Describe their experiments.

b) What did their experiments demonstrate beyond Griffith’s?

3. Describe the experiment of Creighton and Mc Clintock that demonstrated that recombination involved a physical exchange of chromosomal material?

4. Describe the origin of F’bacteria and merozygotes.

5. Poletene chromosome have proved to be an extremely useful tool for the analysis of DNA organization. Explain the statement with structure of poletene chromosome.

6. Differentiate between point mutations that re transitions versus transversions. Using the DNA bases(A,T,G and C) list the four types of transition and the eight types of transversions.

7. Define lyon hypothesis.

8. Give the genotypes involved when a sinistral female snail produces dextral offspring. What genotypes could the male parent of the sinistral female have?

SET 4 :

1. What is the difference between epistasis and pleiotropy?

2. Why were 32 P and 35 S chosen for use in the Hershey-Chase experiment? Discuss the rationale and conclusions of these experiments.

3. Describe between single cross over and multiple crossover?

4. Describe the mechanism of transformation process.

5. Explain about paracentric and pericentric inversion.

6. Briefly describe physical, chemical and biological methods of developing new mutations.

7. Relate the potential effect of the Lyon hypothesis on the retina of a human female heterozygous for the X-linked red-green color-blindness.

8. What genetic criteria distinguish a case of extrachromosomal inheritance from a case of Mendelian autosomal inheritance?

GENETICS syllabus, JNTU (2007-2008)

UNIT I: PHYSICAL BASIS OF HEREDITY

Basic laws of inheritance mono-hybrid, dihybrid and tri-hybrid ratios, Modification of Mendel’s ratios due to gene interaction. Multiple factors of inheritance. Genes and environment, identification of the genetic materials - classical experiments. Hershey Chase, Avery McLeod etc,

UNIT II: ORGANIZATION OF GENETIC MATERIAL

Packing of DNA, organization of genetic material in prokaryotes, Eukaryotes. Euchromatin and Heterochromatin organization of Nucleosomes.

UNIT III: LINKAGE & RECOMBINATION

Chromosomal inheritance, the concept of linkage, cytological basis of crossing over. Mechanism of recombination, Transduction phenomena, Methods of transduction, Generalized, Specialized & Abortive transduction, Bacteriophages - lytic & lysogenic life cycle Discovery, Detection, Molecular mechanisms of transformation, transformation methods. Bacterial conjugation.

UNIT IV: MAPPING

Two point and three point testcrosses and gene mapping. Mapping of genes by tetrad analysis by mitotic crossing over.

UNIT V: CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION & ABERRATIONS

Chromosome morphology, classification, karyotying. Special chromosome, chromosome aberrations, origins, types and cytogenetic effects.

UNIT VI: SEX DETERMINATION IN PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES

Mechanism of sex determination in insect (Fruit fly) and plants (Melandrium), Sex factors in bacteria, F and HFr transfer, mechanism of transfer.

UNIT VII: SEX DETERMINATION IN HUMANS

Sex differentiation and developments in humans, Dosage compensation, Maryleons hypothesis, Sex linked disorders in human beings – Haemophilia, Fragile-x sndrome,

Down’s syndrome

UNIT VIII: EXTRA CHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE

Introduction to extra chromosomal inheritance, examples of extra chromosomal inheritance. Petite phenotypes in yeast. Uniparental inheritance in algae.

TEXT BOOKS

1. E.J. Gardner, M.J.Simmons & DP Shustad. Principles of Genetics, 1991.

REFERENCES:

1. Genetics, Goodenough U, Hold International 1985

2. Genetics by Griffith.

3.Principles of Genetics, Gardner EJ, Snustad DP, 2002 2. Genetics by Strickberger

4. Essentials of Genetics (In genomics prospective), Hartwell, 2003

5. Principles of genetics-Robert H.Tamarin, Tata McGraw Hill.

6. Genetics from Genes to Genomes-Leland H.Hartwell, Leroy Hood,

Mc Graw Hill.

7. Concepts of Genetics- Vii edition-Wiliam S.Klug, Michael R. Cummings.