GENETIC ENGINEERING Question Papers (Regular, 2008)

SET:1

1. Explain the regulation of gene expression in Lac operon in detail including both the positive and the negative regulation.

2. Can you explain taking the example of single type of regulatory protein, how the process of regulation of gene expression occurs in eukaryotes.

3. Differentiate between:
(a) Plasmids and episomes
(b) Insertion sequences and transposons.

4. Comment on the following:
(a) Vectors that are useful for DNA sequencing.
(b) Vectors used for construction of genomic libraries.

5. Explain the dideoxy mehtod in detail.

6. What is primary? Discuss its role in DNA replication and add note on its importance and usefulness in PCR.

7. What are the applications of gene chips? Explain in detail

8. What are muteins? How are these produced by employing the principles of protein engineering and recombinant DNA technology?

SET: 2

1. How the operon concept was first developed? Explain by citing the initial experimental observations.

2. Which type of regulatory proteins are involved in controlling development? Explain in detail.

3. What properties do plants confer on their host cells?

4. Write short notes on:
(a) expression vectors
(b) shuttle vectors
(c) phage vectors
(d) cosmid vectors

5. Explain the recent developments in DNA sequencing.

6. Explain the different applications of PCR.

7. How are the DNA arrays produced? Discuss some of the technologies available for the production.

8. What are the three major methods of obtaining transgenic mice?

SET: 3

1. How is the activity of the amino acid biosynthetic operons regulated? Explain in detail by citing any single example.

2. What does gene amplification mean? How is it different from gene duplication?

3. How can you detect transposition in bacteria? Explain in detail the process of transposition.

4. What are the different types of cloning vectors used in genetic engineering?

5. A particular protein gene was inserted in pBR 322 and pET vector and transformed into E.coli. How do you go for detection of the recombinant clones in bacteria transformed using both the vectors? Explain the basic differences in the two vectors.

6. Explain the principle and the process of PCR.

7. Discuss the concept of gene-chip and micro-array in detail.

8. Comment on:
(a) Ex vivo gene therapy
(b) In vivo gene therapy

SET: 4

1. How do you define an operon? Explain the control of gene expression in bacteria by citing the examples of any operon.

2. Explain what you understand by gene rearrangements. Is this comparable to gene shuffling? give your comments.

3. What are retrotransposons? Explain in detail with examples.

4. List out the enzymes required for:
(a) removal of phosphate group
(b) joining of two DNA fragments
(c) cleavage of DNA
(d) removal of single stranded regions in double stranded DNA.
(e) addition of phosphate group at 3 prime end of DNA
(f) additon of phosphate group at 5 prime end of DNA
(g) synthesizing DNA probes for hybridization purposes
(h) amplification of DNA

5. Write short notes on:
(a) differential screening
(b) North-western blotting

6. What are the different factors that one should take into consideration for obtaining a successful amplification in PCR?

7. How are micro-array useful in studying gene expressions or in disease profiling.

8. What should be the strategy to produce a glycosylated protein? Would you use E.coli or a yeast system?

GENETIC ENGINEERING Question Papers (Supple, 2008, Feb, RR)

SET: 1

1. Write notes on any two:
(a) C-Protein
(b) DNA binding Proteins
(c) Beta-galactosidase

2. What is signal transduction? How does it help in regulating gene expression?

3. Write notes on any two:
(a) Inverted repeats
(b) Transposase
(c) P elements

4. Describe the method of isolating DNA from microbial cells.

5. (a) What is the difference between Southern and Northern blotting Techniques?

6. (a) Write about primer designing in PCR. Which DNA polymerase is used in PCR?

7. Write short notes on any two:
(a) AFLP
(b) VNTR sequences
(c) Gene chip

8. Discuss about viral methods used in doing In Vivo gene theraphy.


SET: 2

1. Explain the role of DNA binding proteins in Gene regulation.

2. Write notes on any two:
(a) Tissue specific enhancers
(b) Phosphorylated proteins
(c) TATA Box

3. Explain the structure of PBR 322.

4. Write notes on :
(a) M 13 Vectors
(b) Cosmids
(c) PUC 8

5. Write short notes on any two :
(a) Southern blotting
(b) Colony Hybridization.
(c) Radioactive labeling

6. Write about the contents of a reaction mixture for PCR analysis.

7. What is Repetitive DNA? Discuss its significance in a genome.

8. Differentiate between In vivo and Ex vivo gene therapy.


SET: 3

1. Discuss the regulatory components of the lac operon system.

2. Write notes on any two:
(a) Protein Kinases
(b) Second messengers
(c) Repetitive DNA sequences

3. Explain the application of Plasmids in genetic engineering.

4. Write notes on any two:
(a) M 13 vectors
(b) Cosmids
(c) PUC 8

5. Give a brief definition of a gene library. What is the essential difference between a genomic library and a cDNA library? List the major advantages/limitations on the use of each.

6. Write short notes on any two:
(a) DNA hybridization
(b) Reverse transcription
(c) Gel electrophoresis

7. Using suitable examples, explain the importance of 16S rRNA as a molecular marker.

8. Explain the detailed structure of a Ti Plasmid in Agrobacterium.


SET: 4

1. Explain the role of DNA binding proteins in Gene regulation.

2. Write notes on any two:
(a) Silencers
(b) Transacting regulatory proteins
(c) Britton and Davidson Model

3. Write an account on any two:
(a) Multiple cloning sites
(b) shuttle vectors
(c) PJDB219 plasmid vectro

4. What are restriction enzymes? How they are useful in genetic engineering?

5. Explain the expression of clones genes in Yeast using suitable examples.

6. Discuss about Multiplex PCR.

7. Write in detail about molecular markers and their importance.

8. Write short notes on any two:
(a) Transgenic chicken
(b) T-DNA in Ti Plasmid
(c) Recombinant Insulin

GENETIC ENGINEERING Question Papers (Supple, 2008, Feb, Ro5)

SET :1

1. What is the sporulation signal in B.subtilis? How are the genes involved in sporulation controlled? Explain in detail. [16]
2. What does gene amplification mean? How is it different from gene duplication?[16]
3. How can you detect transposition in bacteria? Explain in detail the process oftransposition. [16]
4. How does one isolate the genomic DNA? What are the differences in DNA isolation procedures in bacteria, plant cells and animal cells? [16]
5. How would you screen putative transformants for expression of the expected gene product? [16]
6. What are the different variations of PCR? Explain in detail. [16]
7. What are the different types of Molecular markers used currently for diagnosis/identification purposes? [16]
8. Discuss the strategy that should be employed for cloning of therapeutically important product like insulin. [16]

SET :2

1. Explain the following with examples:
(a) Activators
(b) Repressors
(c) Promoter
(d) Operator
(e) Cis acting
(f) Trans acting
(g) polycistronic
(h) monocistronic. [2 × 8]
2. Explain the following:
(a) Essential features of transcriptional activators
(b) Structural features of Transcription factor IIIA. [8 × 2]
3. How is chromosomal DNA separated from plasmid DNA during plasmid preparation? What is the function of EDTA in the TES buffer? Briefly describe the steps involved in plasmid isolation procedures. [16]
4. How does one select a suitable vector for cloning and expression of a protein? [16]
5. Explain the dideoxy method in detail. [16]
6. Write short notes on:
(a) hot-start protocol
(b) nested primers
(c) Q-PCR
(d) real time QPCR. [16]
7. Write short notes on:
(a) oligo chips
(b) DNA arrays [8+8]
8. What do you understand by the terms Ex vivo and In vivo? Explain these in detail with reference to gene therapy. [16]


SET :3

1. Explain the following with examples:
(a) Activators
(b) Repressors
(c) Promoter
(d) Operator
(e) Cis acting
(f) Trans acting
(g) polycistronic
(h) monocistronic. [2 × 8]
2. Explain the following:
(a) Essential features of transcriptional activators
(b) Structural features of Transcription factor IIIA. [8 × 2]
3. How do transposons differ from insertion elements? Explain in detail. [16]
4. Explain the construction of genomic libraries. Is it possible to get all the genes cloned while constructing a genomic library? [16]
5. Explain the recent developments in DNA sequencing. [16]
6. How does one identify a PCR product? In a particular PCR amplification experiment, the product obtained was shorter than the expected length. Give your comments on the possible reasons. [16]
7. Write short notes on:
(a) oligo chips
(b) DNA arrays [8+8]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) recombinant insulin
(b) human growth hormone. [8+8]

SET :4
1. How do you define an operon? Explain the Control of gene expression in bacteria by citing the example of any operon. [16]
2. Explain the following terms:
(a) Regulatory sequences
(b) Enhancers
(c) reporter genes
(d) gene silencing. [4 × 4]
3. How is chromosomal DNA separated from plasmid DNA during plasmid preparation? What is the function of EDTA in the TES buffer? Briefly describe the steps involved in plasmid isolation procedures. [16]
4. What are the different types of cloning vectors used in genetic engineering? [16]
5. Explain the recent developments in DNA sequencing. [16]
6. Comment on nature of enzymes used in PCR along with their importance. [16]
7. How are the DNA arrays produced? Discuss some of the technologies available for the production. [16]
8. Discuss the strategy that should be employed for cloning of therapeutically important product like insulin. [16]

GENETIC ENGINEERING Question Papers (Supple, 2007 Nov, RR)

SET :1

1. Explain the role of DNA binding proteins in Gene regulation. [8+8]

2. Write notes on any two:
(a) Tissue specific enhancers
(b) Phosphorylated proteins
(c) TATA box [8+8]

3. Explain the application of plasmids in genetic engineering. [4+12]

4. Write notes on any two:
(a) M13 vectors
(b) Cosmids
(c) PUC8 [8+8]

5. Give a brief definition of a gene library. What is the essential difference between a genomic library and a cDNA library? List the major advantages/limitations on the use of each. [8+8]

6. Discuss the application of PCR technology. [6+10]

7. Discuss the methods available for testing drug action and toxicity. [8+8]

8. Explain the importance of gene cloning in agriculture. [4+12]


SET :2

1. Write notes on any two.
(a) Terminator loops
(b) Leader peptide
(c) Trp. Repressor [8+8]

2. Explain the expression of hormone regulated genes in eukaryotes [6+10]

3. Explain in detail transposable elements in prokaryotes. [4+12]

4. Write notes on any two:
(a) Shot gun cloning
(b) Cohesive end ligation
(c) Adenoviral vectors [8+8]

5. Write the steps involved in construction of a genomic library. [4+12]

6. Discuss about Multiplex PCR. [4+12]

7. Discuss the application of gene chips in various fields of Biotechnology. [4+12]

8. From improved agriculture point of view, how do transgenic plants play a vital role? [4+12]


SET :3

1. Write notes on any two
(a) C-Protein
(b) DNA binding proteins
(c) β- galactosidase [8+8]

2. Write notes on any two:
(a) Steriod hormonal regulation
(b) Short repeats in DNA
(c) DNA binding motifs. [8+8]

3. Write notes on any two:
(a) Mechanism of transpositions
(b) Isolation of plasmids
(c) Ty elements in yeast. [8+8]

4. Write notes on any two:
(a) Restriction digestion
(b) Homopolymer tailing
(c) Ligases [8+8]

5. Write short notes on any two:
(a) Southern blotting.
(b) Colony hybridization.
(c) Radioactive labeling. [8+8]

6. Write about the contents of a reaction mixture for PCR analysis. [6+10]

7. Discuss the methods available for testing drug action and toxicity. [8+8]

8. From improved agriculture point of view, how do transgenic plants play a vital role? [4+12]


SET :4

1. Presence of ‘glucose’ “switches off” the lac operon -justify the statement. [6+10]

2. Explain the role of peptide hormones in eukaryotic gene regulation. [4+12]

3. Write notes on any two:
(a) Inverted repeats
(b) Transposase
(c) ‘P’ elements [8+8]

4. Give the detailed methods of gene transfer in living cells. [4+12]

5. Explain the different types of probes and write about the steps involved in their synthesis. [6+10]

6. How are PCR products identified? [4+12]

7. How does molecular markers find its application in gene discovery? [4+12]

8. Differentiate between In vivo and Ex vivo gene therapy. [8+8]

GENETIC ENGINEERING Question Papers (Regular, 2007 Nov, R05)

SET :1

1. Differentiate between:
(a) Basal level transcription and induction
(b) CAP and CRP. [8 × 2]

2. What are reporter genes? How are these useful in analyzing gene function? [16]

3. How are plasmids isolated from bacteria? Explain. [16]

4. Comment on:
(a) Taq polymerase
(b) Alkaline phosphatase
(c) Polynucleotide phosphorylase
(d) Klenow polymerase. [4 × 4]

5. What is the basis for immunological methods used in screening of recombinant clones? [16]

6. How does one identify a PCR product? In a particular PCR amplification experiment, the product obtained was shorter than the expected length. Give your comments on the possible reasons. [16]

7. What are the different types of Molecular markers used currently for diagnosis/identification purposes? [16]

8. What are second generation recombinant insulins? Explain how they are different
from the native molecule. [16]


SET :2

1. In which operon do you find the leader sequence? How does the translation of leader sequence help in transcription control in certain operons? [16]

2. Explain the following terms:
(a) Regulatory sequences
(b) Enhancers
(c) reporter genes
(d) gene silencing. [4 × 4]

3. Comment on:
(a) LTR retroelements
(b) non LTR retroelements. [8 × 2]

4. How does one isolate the genomic DNA? What are the differences in DNA isolation procedures in bacteria, plant cells and animal cells? [16]

5. Explain the recent developments in DNA sequencing. [16]

6. What are the different factors that one should take into consideration for obtaining a successful amplification in PCR? [16]

7. What is the alternative to DNA arrays? Compare the technology and sensitivity of DNA arrays and oligo chips. [16]

8. What are the limitations and advantages of gene therapy? Discuss in detail. [16]


SET :3

1. What is the significant feature of the leader sequence of the amino acid biosynthetic operons? How does this feature help in tight control of gene expression? [16

2. Explain the following:
(a) Essential features of Leucine zipper proteins
(b) Structural features of homeodomain proteins. [8 × 2]

3. What properties do plasmids confer on their host cells? [16]

4. How does one isolate the genomic DNA? What are the differences in DNA isolation procedures in bacteria, plant cells and animal cells? [16]

5. Explain the recent developments in DNA sequencing. [16]

6. What is a primer? Discuss its role in DNA replication and add a note on its importance and usefulness in PCR. [16]

7. Discuss the concept of gene-chip and micro-arrays in detail. [16]

8. What are the possible disadvantages of producing recombinant growth hormones for animals? Discuss. [16]


SET :4

1. How is the activity of enzymes involved in sugar metabolism regulated? Explain in detail by citing any single example. [16]

2. What are the other means by which gene rearrangements can take place apart from homologous recombination? Explain in detail. [16]

3. What are the effects of transposition? Discuss in detail. [16]

4. List out the different enzymes used in DNA manipulation along with the reactions they catalyze. [16]

5. Explain the recent developments in DNA sequencing. [16]

6. How does one identify a PCR product? In a particular PCR amplification experiment, the product obtained was shorter than the expected length. Give your comments on the possible reasons. [16]

7. What are the different types of Molecular markers used currently for diagnosis/identification purposes? [16]

8. Write short notes on:
(a) recombinant insulin
(b) human growth hormone. [8+8]

GENETIC ENGINEERING Question Papers (Supple, 2007 Feb, RR)

SET :1

1. What is attenuation? How does it help in controlling gene expression? [4+12]

2. Explain the expression of hormone regulated genes in eukaryotes [6+10]

3. Explain the structure of PBR322. [4+12]

4. Write notes on any two:
(a) Ploylinker DNA
(b) Staggered cuts
(c) λ - Phage as vector [8+8]

5. What are probes? Discuss their importance in cloned gene detection. [4+12]

6. What is the basic principle of PCR?Write about the different types of PCR. [6+10]

7. Comment on the applications of molecular markers in various fields of biotechnology. [4+12]

8. Explain the detailed structure of a Ti plasmid in Agrobacterium. [6+10]


SET :2

1. Write notes on any two
(a) CAP- binding site
(b) Translation regulation
(c) Regulator [8+8]

2. Write notes on any two:
(a) Steriod hormonal regulation
(b) Short repeats in DNA
(c) DNA binding motifs. [8+8]

3. What are the characters of ideal plasmid? Explain with suitable example. [8+8]

4. Write notes on any two:
(a) Restriction digestion
(b) Homopolymer tailing
(c) Ligases [8+8]

5. Write the steps involved in construction of a genomic library. [4+12]

6. Explain the role of PCR in Forensic Science. [4+12]

7. Comment on the applications of molecular markers in various fields of biotechnology. [4+12]

8. Describe the construction of plant vectors based on Agrobacterium Ti plasmid. [6+10]


SET :3

1. Write about Arabinose operon regulation in Prokaryotes. [4+12]

2. Write notes on any two:
(a) Tissue specific enhancers
(b) Phosphorylated proteins
(c) TATA box [8+8]

3. Write notes on any two:
(a) Relaxed plasmid
(b) PUC8
(c) α - Complementation. [8+8]

4. Write detailed account on restriction mapping and its importance. [4+12]

5. Explain nucleic acid hybridization and its uses as a screening procedure. [6+10]

6. What is the basic principle of PCR?Write about the different types of PCR. [6+10]

7. What is gene mapping? Explain the role of restriction enzymes in it. [6+10]

8. Elaborate on the importance of transgenic animals citing suitable examples. [8+8]


SET :4

1. Differentiate between positive and negative control in lac operon. [8+8]

2. Write notes on any two:
(a) Silencers
(b) Transacting regulatory proteins
(c) Britton and Davidson model [8+8]

3. Write notes on any two:
(a) Mechanism of transpositions
(b) Isolation of plasmids
(c) Ty elements in yeast. [8+8]

4. Give the methods of isolation and purification of DNA from plant systems. [6+10]

5. Give a brief definition of a gene library. What is the essential difference between
a genomic library and a cDNA library? List the major advantages/limitations on
the use of each. [8+8]

6. Discuss about Multiplex PCR. [4+12]

7. Write short notes on any two:
(a) Satellite markers
(b) Restriction enzymes
(c) Gel electrophoresis. [8+8]

8. Discuss about the viral methods used in doing In vivo gene therapy. [4+12]

GENETIC ENGINEERING Question Papers (Supple, 2006)

SET: 1

1. Explain the role of DNA binding proteins in genetic engineering.

2. Explain the importance of steroid hormones in control of gene expression.

3. Write notes on:

a) Lac Z’ inactivation

b) Replacement vectors

c) Types of plasmids

4. Explain about plant vectors used in gene transfer methods

5. Write short notes on any two:

a) Southern blotting

b) Colony hybridization

c) Radiation labeling

6. What is the basic principle of principle of PCR? Write about the different types of PCR.

7. Write short notes on any two:

a) Microarray

b) Gene chips

c) Monoclonal antibodies

8. Explain the importance of gene cloning in medicine.

SET: 2

1. Explain the role of DNA binding proteins in gene regulation.

2. Explain the mechanism of gene rearrangement in antibody producing cells.

3. Explain the structure of PBR322.

4. Give the method of isolation and purification of DNA from plant systems.

5. Explain the expression of cloned genes in Yeast using suitable examples.

6. Write about the contents of a reaction mixture for PCR analysis.

7. Discuss the application of gene chips in various fields of biotechnology.

8. Explain how transgenic animals can be used as bioreactors.

SET: 3

1. Differentiate between induction and repression with suitable examples.

2. Describe the mechanism of gene regulation in eukaryotes with a suitable.

3. Write notes on any two:

a) Inverted repeats

b) Transposase

c) ‘P’ elements

4. What are restriction enzymes? How they are useful in genetic engineering?

5. Write about the vectors used in a gene library construction.

6. Discuss the application of PCR technology.

7. What is gene mapping? Explain the role of restriction enzymes in it.

8. Explain how transgenic mice are used as a model for studying various human welfare oriented research.

SET: 4

1. Compare the gene regulations of lac operon and trp operon.

2. Explain the structural and functional details of DNA binding regulatory proteins in eukaryotes.

3. “ Plasmids are evolved from transposons ”. Illustrate the statement.

4. What are different cloning strategies employed in gene cloning technology?

5. Write about the vectors used in a gene library construction.

6. Comment, “RT PCR is an extension of basic PCR”

7. Write short notes on any two:

a) Satellite markers

b) Restriction enzymes

c) Gel electrophoresis

8. Discuss about the strategies used to produce transgenic animals

GENETIC ENGINEERING Question Papers (Regular, 2006)

SET: 1

1. Write how attenuation controls expression of Trp operon.

2. What is signal transduction? How does it help in regulating gene expression?

3. Write short notes on any two:

a) Relaxed plasmid

b) PUC 8

c) α- Complementation

4. Write C- DNA method of gene cloning.

5. Write short notes on any two:

a) Restriction enzymes

b) Gel electrophoresis

c) Immunoflorescence

6. Repeated

7. Repeated

8. Discuss about the viral methods used in doing in vivo gene therapy.

SET: 2

1. Explain the role of DNA binding proteins in genetic engineering.

2. What is signal transduction? How does it help in regulating gene expression?

3. Write short notes on any two:

d) Relaxed plasmid

e) PUC 8

f) α- Complementation

4. write short notes on any two:

a) SV 40 virus

b) Genomic library

c) C- DNA

5. Write about the vectors used in a gene library construction.

6. What is meant by PCR? Describe its methodology.

7. Discuss the application of gene chips in various fields of biotechnology.

8. Give detailed information about any two protein products, which are produced through r DNA technology.

SET: 3

1. Write notes on any two:

a) Terminator loops

b) Leader peptide

c) Trp. Repressor

2. Explain the role of peptide hormones in eukaryotic gene regulation.

3. What are the characters of ideal plasmid? Explain with suitable example.

4. Write detailed account on restriction mapping and its importance.

5. Explain the expression of cloned genes in yeast using suitable examples.

6. How is PCR different from the traditional cloning?

7. What is repetitive DNA? Discuss its significance in a genome.

8. Differentiate between In Vivo & Ex Vivo gene therapy.

SET: 4

1. Repeated

2. Write any two:

a) Tissue specific enhancers

b) Phosphorylated proteins

c) TATA box

3. Repeated

4. Write any two:

a) Restriction digestion

b) Homo-polymer tailing

c) Ligases

5. Repeated

6. Compare and contrast between PCR & RT-PCR

7. What is RFLP? Citing suitable examples highlight its use in gene mapping
8. Write in detail about Agro-bacterium based plant vectors.

GENETIC ENGINEERING Question Papers (Supple, 2005)

SET :1

1. Explain the role of DNA binding proteins in Gene regulation.

2. Write notes on any two:
(a) Tissue specific enhancers
(b) Phosphorylated proteins
(c) TATA box

3. Write notes on any two:
(a) Relaxed plasmid
(b) PUC8
(c) - Complementation.

4. Write notes on any two:
(a) M13 vectors
(b) Cosmids
(c) PUC8

5. Discuss the immunological blotting techniques available for cloned gene detection.

6. (a) Explain the importance of particular temperature requirement in the basic steps in PCR .
(b) What do you mean by multiplex PCR

7. What are the various diseases which can be detected by RFLP and RAPD analysis?

8. Differentiate between In vivo and Ex vivo gene therapy.

SET : 2

1. Compare the gene regulations of lac operon and trp.operon.

2. Explain the importance of steroid hormones in control of gene expression.

3. Describe methods of isolating plasmid DNA.

4. Describe the types of restriction enzymes and their functions.

5. Write short notes on any two:
(a) Restriction enzymes.
(b) Gel electrophoresis.
(c) Immunoflorescence

6. What is the basic principle of PCR? Write about the different types of PCR.

7. How is RAPD used in molecular diagnostics?

8. Give detailed information about any two protein products, which are produced through rDNA technology.

SET : 3

1. Describe gene regulation in prokaryotes with a suitable examples.

2. What is signal transduction? How does it help in regulating gene expression?

3. Differentiate between IS elements and transposons.

4. Write C-DNA method of gene cloning

5. Explain the different types of probes and write about the steps involved in their synthesis.

6. Comment, “RT PCR is an extension of basic PCR”.

7. What is Repetitive DNA? Discuss its significance in a genome.

8. Explain the importance of gene cloning in agriculture.

SET :4

1. Write notes on any two.
(a) Terminator loops
(b) Leader peptide
(c) Trp. Repressor

2. Explain the importance of steroid hormones in control of gene expression.

3. Describe methods of isolating plasmid DNA.

4. Write detailed account on restriction mapping and its importance.

5. Discuss detection of genes by insertional inactivation method.

6. Discuss about Multiplex PCR.

7. How are repeated sequences used as molecular markers?

8. Write about the non-viral methods used for DNA injection in gene therapy.

GENETIC ENGINEERING Question Papers (Regular, 2005)

SET: 1

1. Repeated

2. How is tissue specific gene regulation achieved in eukaryotes?

3. What are artificial plasmids? How can they be produced.

4. Describe different cloning vectors used in gene cloning.

5. Explain nucleic acid hybridization and its uses as a screening procedure.

6. Explain the role of PCR in forensic science.

7. Repeated

8. Explain the importance of gene cloning in agriculture.

GENETIC ENGINEERING Question Papers (Regular, 2004)

SET :1

1. Discuss the regulatory components of the lac operon system.

2. Describe the mechanism of gene regulation in eukaryotes with a suitable example.

3. What are the characters of ideal plasmid. Explain with suitable example.

4. Give the methods of isolation and purification of DNA from plant systems.

5. Give a brief definition of a gene library. What is the essential difference between a genomic library and a cDNA library? List the major advantages/limitations on the use of each.

6. What is meant by PCR? Describe its methodology.

7. What is RFLP? Citing suitable examples, highlight its use in gene mapping.

8. Discuss about the viral methods used in doing In vivo gene therapy.

SET :2

1. Explain the role of promoter and operator in lac operon.

2. Explain the structural and functional details of DNA binding regulatory proteins in eukaryotes.

3. What are artificial plasmids? How can they be produced?

4. Explain the role of enzymes involved in genetic engineering.

5. Write the steps involved in the construction of a cDNA library.

6. How is PCR different from the traditional cloning?

7. Write short notes on any two:
a) Satellite markers
b) Restriction enzymes
c) Gel electrophoresis

8. Write about the various steps involved in gene therapy.

SET :3

1. Write notes on any two of the following:
a) Repressor
b) Inducer
c) Effector

2. What is signal transduction? How does it help in regulating gene expression?

3. Write notes on any two:
a) Relaxed plasmid
b) PUC8
c) µ - Complementation

4. Describe the types of restriction enzymes and their functions.

5. Discuss in detail the nucleic acid blotting techniques used in detection of cloned genes.

6. How are PCR products identified?

7. Using suitable examples, explain the importance of 16s r RNA as a molecular marker.

8. Write about the non-viral methods used for DNA injection in gene therapy.

SET :4

1. Write notes on any two of the following
a) Promoter
b) Operator
c) Structural genes.

2. Describe the regulation of gene expression in immunoglobulin production.

3. Explain the mechanism of transposition.

4. Describe the methods of manipulating DNA for gene cloning purpose.

5. Write short notes on any two:
a) Western blotting
b) Reverse transcription
c) Probes

6. Write short notes on any two:
a) Primers in PCR
b) Taq polymeraoe in PCR
c) cDNA

7. How is RAPD used in molecular diagnostics?

8. What is “Molecular pharming”? What are the gene products, which can be obtained from transgenic animals?

GENETIC ENGINEERING syllabus, JNTU (2007-2008)

Unit I: Gene Regulation and Expression in Prokaryotes

Lactose, Arabinose and Tryptophan operons, Repressors and activator, Sigma switch in Bacillus subtilis.

Unit II: Gene Regulation in Eukaryotic system

Gene regulation in Eukaryotic system, Repetitive DNA, Gene rearrangement, Promoters, enhancer elements, gene amplification.

Unit III: Plasmids, Transposons / Vectors for Gene Transfers

Plasmids: Definition, types, Identification, classification and purifications and transfer of Plasmids. Host restriction in transfer. Transposable elements: Definition, detection of transposition in bacteria, types of

bacterial transposons, mechanisms of transposition and excision, applications of

transposons. Retrotransposons.

UNIT IV: DNA Technology

Purification of genomic DNA from living cells, Manipulation of purified DNA; construction of prototype vector (pBR 322), different types of cloning vectors (plasmid – pUC 19, ? phage, cosmid, M13). Enzymes involved in genetic engineering; cloning

strategies, Introduction of DNA into living cells. Methods of Gene transfer, Restriction mapping.

UNIT – V Expression and Detection of clones

Detection of clones and its expression: Expression of cloned genes in yeast & E. coli. Blot analysis - Southern, Northern & Western blot; dot and slot blot. Immunological techniques. DNA methylation, DNA hybridization. Genomic and cDNA library construction and application. DNA sequencing.

Unit VI: PCR and its application

Principles, designing of primers, PCR methodology, RT - PCR, multiplex PCR, identification of PCR product, application of PCR technology.

Unit VII: Molecular markers

Molecular markers: RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, 16s r-RNA typing, gene chip and micro array; applications in disease profile

Unit VIII: Applications of r-DNA Technology

Gene cloning in medicine (Insulin, Blood clotting factor VIII) High level expression of proteins in different host systems (E. coli, yeast, Insect, mammalian cells) Limitation and advantages and novel technologies- for generation of transgenic animals. Introduction to Gene therapy (Ex vivo & In vivo), case study of ADA as an example. Advantages and limitations of Gene therapy.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Old RW, Primrose SB, principles of Gene manipulation, An introduction to Genetic engineering, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993

2. T.A. Brown, Gene Cloning.

REFERENCES:

1. Ansubel FM., Brent A, Kingston AE, Moore DO, Current protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing Associates, NY, 1988.

2. Berger SL, Kimmer AR, Methods in Enzymology, Vol 152, Academic Press, 1987.

3. Molecular Cell Biology – Gerald Carp.